Breakfast Consumption and Energy Balance in Active Adult Males
- Conditions
- Substrate UtilizationHormonesEnergy IntakeSatiety
- Interventions
- Dietary Supplement: Maltodextrin supplementDietary Supplement: Whey supplementDietary Supplement: Water
- Registration Number
- NCT04862208
- Lead Sponsor
- Ohio University
- Brief Summary
Exercising in the fasted state results in greater fat oxidation during exercise and results in decreased caloric intake in the meals after exercise. However, the studies that examine fasted vs. fed exercise utilize a carbohydrate-based breakfast, which can increase blood glucose and insulin concentrations, which is considered a negative consequence. A protein breakfast, which can increase satiety and rest of day energy intake could also increase resting energy expenditure as well as fat oxidation during exercise. However, comparisons between fasting exercise and pre-exercise breakfast macronutrient intake (i.e., carbohydrate vs. protein) have not been made. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate if eating breakfast and the composition of this breakfast before exercise has an effect on the food eaten throughout the rest of the day.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- 10
- 18-45 years old
- regularly participate in exercise for at least 150 min per week
- run at least 3 days per week for 30 minutes
- able to complete a VO2max test
- able to exercise for 45 min moderate intensity exercise at one time without breaks
- not participating in structured exercise of 150 min/week for the past 6 months
- not running at least 3 days per week for 30 minutes
- not attaining a VO2max of 50 ml/kg/min (60th percentile fitness classification according to the American College of Sports Medicine)
- currently smoke or quit smoking less than one year ago.
- diagnosed with or are being treated for a cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome or a metabolic disorder such as diabetes, thyroid disorder, or high cholesterol.
- food allergies or sensitivities.
- not willing to have blood drawn on 4 occasions during each trial (16 total times)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Carbohydrate-based breakfast + exercise Maltodextrin supplement maltodextrin Protein-based breakfast + exercise Whey supplement whey Fasted breakfast + exercise Water water Carbohydrate-based breakfast + no exercise Maltodextrin supplement maltodextrin
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in energy expenditure immediately pre-breakfast, immediately post-breakfast, immediately pre-exercise, and immediately post-exercise Measured via indirect calorimetry
Change in lunch energy intake 60 min post-exercise measured via standardized lunch buffet
Change in subjective hunger baseline, immediately pre-breakfast, immediately post-breakfast, immediately post-exercise, immediately pre-lunch, immediately post-lunch, immediately pre-dinner, and immediately post-dinner measured via 100mm visual analogue scale, higher scores indicate greater hunger
Change in appetite immediately pre-breakfast, immediately post-breakfast, immediately post-exercise, and immediately pre-lunch measured via circulating hormones
Change in blood glucose immediately pre-breakfast, immediately post-breakfast, immediately post-exercise, immediately pre-lunch, and immediately pre-dinner measured via fingerstick blood assessment
Change in dinner energy intake Day 1 (trial 1); between Days 6 and 8 (trial 2); between Days 11 and 15 (trial 3); and between Days 16 and 22 (trial 4) weight of food returned the following day
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Ohio University Exercise Physiology Lab
🇺🇸Athens, Ohio, United States