Diagnostic Imaging of Affective Disorders using Emotion-processing in non-depressed patients (DIADE-II). A neuroimaging study to determine biomarkers to discriminate unipolar and bipolar depressio

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Pending

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 80

Inclusion Criteria

All MDD and BD I and BD II patients of both sexes: age 18-60 years; at least 2 MDEs, with remission between episodes; age of first episode * 40 years; illness duration of * 5 years since the first episode.
Non-depressed MDD and BD patients: no diagnosis of major depressieve episode (MDE) at time of baseline (according to SCID)
In addition, for BD: at least one manic episode (assessed by SCID) not solely during the use of antidepressants.
Healthy controls: age 18-60 years; euthymia at time of baseline (According to SCID; Inventory for Depressive Symptoms (IDS) *14)

Exclusion Criteria

MDD and BD I / II patients: electroconvulsive therapy within 2 months before scanning; current (hypo)mania (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) > 8; at study entry or within the previous month before baseline); a current depressive episode according to the SCID or a HDRS>16; atypical depressive symptomatology; concurrent co-morbid Axis I diagnosis; a clear clinical diagnosis of cluster B personality disorder (assessed by previous documentation and/or a history of recurrent suicidal and parasuicidal acts); currently using psychopharmacological medication (antidepressants, anticonvulsants or mood-stabilizers stopped *1 month before scanning). Incidental benzodiazepine use will be allowed, but must be stopped before scanning.
In addition, for MDD: a history of (hypo)manic derailment after antidepressant use; a family history of bipolar disorder.
HC: a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis (axis I, assessed by SCID); a current diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence; first-degree relatives with a history of a psychiatric diagnosis; use of any psychopharmacological agent.
All subjects: a history of head trauma or neurological disease; severe general physical illness; claustrophobia or implanted metal objects.

Study & Design

Study Type: Observational invasive

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>We will compare performance on the exogenous curing task between MDD, BD and<br /><br>HC, measured by response time, number of omissions and number of errors. The<br /><br>same outcome will be examined for the neuroimaging tasks. We will compare brain<br /><br>responses of fMRI tasks relative to control conditions between MDD, BD and HC.<br /><br>We will compare responses in predefined ventral and dorsal brain regions<br /><br>(dorsolateral prefontal cortex (PFC) ventral PFC, orbitofrontal, limbic and<br /><br>subcortical regions).</p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures