AI-Powered Research

Male
Age: 18 - 45 y
BMI: 18.5 * 25 kg/m2
Hb * 8.5 mmol/L, determined with blood sample from finger tip
Minimal of 3 hours of training per week, and a maximum of 10 hours
DKTP (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and polio) vaccinated (for stimulation of isolated cells (PBMC*s) with tatanus toxoid)
No asthma medication and/or anti-inflammatory medication
No use of immunosuppressive medication
No flu and/or travel vaccinations in the 4 months before and during the study
Able to be present and participate at all test days
Willing and able to follow prescribed diet for 2 weeks in a row (2 times 2 weeks)

Exclusion Criteria

Chronic illness
Blood donations during study or in 2 months prior to the study
Food allergies (e.g. nuts, gluten, avocado)
Vegetarian diet
Use of immunosuppressive medication
Flu and/or travel vaccination 4 months before and during the study
Hb < 8.5 mmol/L
Working at *Human Nutrition* - Wageningen University
Msc thesis or internship at *Human Nutrition* - Wageningen University
Participating in other scientific research (with the exception of EetMeetWeet)

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Blood sample:<br /><br>o Serum/plasma: cytokines, CRP, cortisol<br /><br>o Homing estimations: where do the immune cells move to? To upper respiratory<br /><br>tract or to intestines? (41/CCR10/CD62L for upper respiratory tract) (47/<br /><br>CCR9 for intestines).<br /><br>o PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells): stimulate with LPS and measure<br /><br>IL-1, TNF, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12<br /><br>o PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells): stimulate with Tetanus Toxoid<br /><br>(TT)<br /><br>o PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells): stimulate with conA (lectine) as<br /><br>positive control<br /><br>o PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells): stimulate with Pokeweed as<br /><br>postive control for B-cells.<br /><br>o PBMC*s (peripheral blood mononuclear cells): Estimate proliferation by adding<br /><br>K167. </p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>- Faeces sample: intestine immunity (with Calprotectin test)<br /><br>- Saliva sample: IgA and TNF-alpha (with ELISA test)<br /><br>- Urine sample: Ketone bodies with Ketostix<br /><br>- Blood sample: stress hormones, glucose, free fatty acids, ketone bodies.<br /><br><br /><br>Tertiary:<br /><br>Blood: lactate, insulin, GI permeability markers<br /><br>Body composition: weight, length, fat percentage, bone and muscle weight (DEXA)<br /><br>Diet: food questionnaire app<br /><br>Physical activity: Physical activity level-questionnaire<br /><br>Questionnaires: delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), upper respiratory tract<br /><br>infection (URTI) questionnaire. Motivational Q and questionnaire on sleep,<br /><br>mental physical and emotional wellbeing<br /><br>Performance: RER (ratio CO2:O2) during exercise test. </p><br>