Acute Effects of Exercise Combined With Ketone Ester Supplement
- Conditions
- Cognitive ChangeKetoses, MetabolicOverweight and Obesity
- Interventions
- Other: PlaceboOther: Ketone monoester supplementationOther: High-intensity interval exerciseOther: Moderate-intensity continuous exercise
- Registration Number
- NCT06365957
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Macau
- Brief Summary
To examine the acute changes in cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes in response to exercise combined with ketone ester supplement in overweight/obese adults.
- Detailed Description
The prevalence of excess body weight and associated medical burdens (i.e., cardiometabolic and neurocognitive impairments) have been rising over the past several decades globally. The combination of exercise and ketone supplementation has been recently proposed as one of the solutions with potential clinical value, of which the interventional effects and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study aims at (1) investigating the additive effects of ketone ester supplements to exercise in aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolism, and neurocognitive status, and (2) examining how the exercise type (HIIE \[high-intensity interval exercise\] vs. MICE \[moderate-intensity continuous exercise\]) influences the cardiometabolic and neurocognitive responses of the exercise-diet regime. For each of the 30 participants, six experimental trials will be performed in a randomized trial with a counterbalanced order: (1) HIIE-KT condition (HIIE with ketone supplements); (2) MICE-KT condition (MICE with ketone supplements); (3) NE-KT condition (non-exercise with ketone supplements); (4) HIIE-PLA condition (HIIE with taste-matched placebo); (5) MICE-PLA condition; and (6) NE-PLA condition. Cardiometabolic and neurocognitive parameters will be assessed before and after 30, 60, and 90 min subsequently ketone ester supplements.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 20
- body mass index > 25 kg/m^2;
- right-handed.
- psychiatric, neurologic, cardiovascular, or metabolic disease, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus;
- addicts to alcohol, nicotine, or drugs;
- oral contraceptive or any medication intake during the past 6 months;
- current engagement in any resistant exercise.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description MICE-KT condition Moderate-intensity continuous exercise moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) with ketone supplements. NE-PLA condition Placebo Non-exercise with taste-matched placebo MICE-KT condition Ketone monoester supplementation moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) with ketone supplements. HIIE-Placebo (PLA) condition High-intensity interval exercise HIIE with taste-matched placebo HIIE-Placebo (PLA) condition Placebo HIIE with taste-matched placebo MICE-PLA condition Moderate-intensity continuous exercise MICE with taste-matched placebo Nonexercise (NE)-KT condition Ketone monoester supplementation Non-exercise with ketone supplements. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)-Ketone Supplementation (KT) condition High-intensity interval exercise High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with ketone supplements \[R-1,3-butanediol; San Francisco\]. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)-Ketone Supplementation (KT) condition Ketone monoester supplementation High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with ketone supplements \[R-1,3-butanediol; San Francisco\]. MICE-PLA condition Placebo MICE with taste-matched placebo
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Diastolic Blood Pressure 6 weeks The measurement name is "diastolic blood pressure". It will be assessed by a blood pressure monitor in laboratory settings. The unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Systolic Blood Pressure 6 weeks The measurement name is "systolic blood pressure". It will be assessed by a blood pressure monitor in laboratory settings. The unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Accuracy of N-back Task 6 weeks The measurement name is "accuracy of N-back task". The measurement will be assessed by psychological paradigm named N-back task. Accuracy is generally measured as a percentage (%).
Concentration of Blood Glucose 6 weeks The measurement name is "blood glucose". It will be assessed by a glucometer in laboratory settings. The unit of measurement is millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
Reaction Time of N-back Task 6 weeks The measurement name is "reaction time of N-back task". The measurement will be assessed by psychological paradigm named N-back task. The unit of measurement is milliseconds (ms).
Cerebral Hemoglobin Concentration 6 weeks The measurement name is "cerebral hemoglobin concentration". The measurement will be assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The unit of measurement is micromoles per liter (μM).
Concentration of Blood Lipid 6 weeks The measurement name is "blood lipid". It will be assessed by the cholestene system in laboratory settings. The unit of measurement is milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Concentration of Blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate 6 weeks The measurement name is "blood beta-hydroxybutyrate". It will be assessed by specific ketone meters designed for beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement. The unit of measurement is millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
Concentration of Blood Lactic Acid 6 weeks The measurement name is "blood lactic acid". It will be assessed by lactate monitor in laboratory settings. The unit of measurement is millimoles per litre (mmol/L).
Concentration of Blood Insulin 6 weeks The measurement name is "blood insulin". It will be assessed by immunoassay system (chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer) using blood samples. The unit of measurement is microunits per milliliter (μU/mL).
Maximal Oxygen Uptake 2 weeks The measurement name is "maximal oxygen uptake". It will be assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) equipment, such as cycle ergometers, along with a metabolic cart for measuring oxygen consumption. The unit of measurement is milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute(mL/kg/min).
Reaction Time of Stroop Task 6 weeks The measurement name is "reaction time of stroop task". The measurement will be assessed by psychological paradigm named Stroop Task. The unit of measurement is milliseconds (ms).
Accuracy of Stroop Task 6 weeks The measurement name is "accuracy of Stroop task". The measurement will be assessed by psychological paradigm named Stroop Task. Accuracy is generally measured as a percentage (%).
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Arousal Level 6 weeks The measurement name is "arousal level". It will be assessed by the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale in laboratory settings. The level is scored 0-5 (no special unit).