The Association of Depression With "Motoric Cognitive Risk" Syndrome in the Canadian Population

Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome (MCR) is a new clinical syndrome associating subjective cognitive complaint and objective slow gait speed with a high prevalence calculated around 10% in population aged 60 and above. MCR syndrome predicts mild and major neurocognitive disorders. MCR syndrome does not rely on a complex and time-consuming assessment, making it applicable to the aging population. Thus, MCR syndrome seems to be a good syndrome to identify individuals at risk of mild and major neurocognitive disorders in any type of healthcare setting.

Slow gait speed and cognitive complaint are unspecific symptoms that can apply to a wide variety of morbidities (i.e., having a disease or a symptom of disease), thus causing overlap with other syndromes which may influence the predictive value of MCR syndrome. One example of the same seen in previous literature is the overlap between MCR syndrome and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which is, a pre-dementia syndrome similar to MCR syndrome. Patients diagnosed with MCR syndrome can also be diagnosed with MCI, however, this is not always the case. It has been suggested that patients cumulating both syndromes could be more at risk of mild and major neurocognitive disorders. Similarly, anxiety, depressive symptomatology and/or clinical depression (ADSCD) may be associated with slow gait speed and cognitive complaint. Prevalence of ADSCD like MCR syndrome is high and estimated around 9%, with some age dependent variation: younger adults have a higher prevalence compared to older adults. Due to the high prevalence of both MCR syndrome and ADSCD, and in conjunction that subjective cognitive complaint (for MCR syndrome definition) has previously been extracted from an item of depressive questionnaires like Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD) or Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), there is a high probability of overlap between MCR syndrome and depression. As ADSCD is not a pre-dementia stage, an overlap between ADSCD and MCR syndrome can conversely to MCI syndrome result in a decreased risk for mild and major neurocognitive disorders.

Few studies have examined the association between ADSCD and MCR syndrome and reported diverging results. They found both significant and not significant associations between MCR syndrome and ADSCD. These mixed results may be explained by the definition used for ADSCD. For instance, studies have used depressive questionnaires or antidepressant use. Moreover, this divergence could also be related to the nature of the symptomology (e.g., anxiety or mood disorders), as well as age. Thus, it is important to examine the association between ADSCD and MCR syndrome taking in consideration these parameters.

The investigator has the opportunity with the baseline assessment of a large population-based prospective and observational study in Canada, known as the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to better understand the parameters influencing the association between ADSCD and MCR syndrome.