Oxytocin

Generic Name
Oxytocin
Brand Names
Pitocin
Drug Type
Biotech
Chemical Formula
-
CAS Number
50-56-6
Unique Ingredient Identifier
1JQS135EYN
Background

Sir Henry H. Dale first identified oxytocin and its uterine contractile properties in 1906. Like all other neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin is composed of nine amino acids with a disulfide bridge between the Cys 1 and 6 residues. In the mid-1950s, synthetic oxytocin was successfully synthesized by a biochemist named Vincent du Vigneaud; he was later recognized with a Nobel prize for his work. Oxytocin continues to be an important tool in modern obstetrics to induce labor when indicated and to manage postpartum hemorrhage. It is estimated that labor induction with oxytocin is used in almost 10% of deliveries globally.

It should be noted that there are risks associated with oxytocin intervention during childbirth. Oxytocin should be used judiciously only when necessary and by experienced healthcare practitioners.

Although most commonly linked to labor and delivery, oxytocin actually has broad peripheral and central effects. It plays an important role in pair bonding, social cognition and functioning, and even fear conditioning. Oxytocin also serves a role in metabolic homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation.

Indication

Administration of exogenous oxytocin is indicated in the antepartum period to initiate or improve uterine contractions for vaginal delivery in situations where there is fetal or maternal concern. For example, It may be used to induce labor in cases of Rh sensitization, maternal diabetes, preeclampsia at or near term, and when delivery is indicated due to prematurely ruptured membranes. Importantly, oxytocin is not approved or indicated for elective induction of labor. Oxytocin may be used to reinforce labor in select cases of uterine inertia and as adjunctive therapy in the management of incomplete or inevitable abortion. In the postpartum period, oxytocin may be used to induced contractions in the 3rd stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage.

Associated Conditions
Incomplete Abortion, Inevitable abortion, Postpartum Bleeding
Associated Therapies
Reinforcement of labor

A Randomized Trial Comparing Oxytocin and Oxytocin + Ergometrine for Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage at Caesarean Section

First Posted Date
2014-01-27
Last Posted Date
2021-03-09
Lead Sponsor
University of Pretoria
Target Recruit Count
540
Registration Number
NCT02046499
Locations
🇿🇦

Kalafong Academic Hospital, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

Cocaine Opioid Oxytocin Option - Limited

First Posted Date
2014-01-07
Last Posted Date
2019-05-21
Lead Sponsor
University of California, San Francisco
Target Recruit Count
30
Registration Number
NCT02028533
Locations
🇺🇸

San Francisco General Hospital Opiate Treatment Outpatient Program, San Francisco, California, United States

FOLCROM Trial: Foley Catheter in Rupture of Membranes

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2013-10-31
Last Posted Date
2018-09-24
Lead Sponsor
Geisinger Clinic
Target Recruit Count
201
Registration Number
NCT01973036
Locations
🇺🇸

Banner Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States

🇺🇸

Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States

🇺🇸

Christiana Care Health System CCHS, Newark, Delaware, United States

and more 2 locations

Effect of Oxytocin on Stress Response in Cocaine-dependent Individuals

Phase 2
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2013-10-16
Last Posted Date
2018-06-04
Lead Sponsor
Medical University of South Carolina
Target Recruit Count
33
Registration Number
NCT01963091
Locations
🇺🇸

Clinical Neurosciences Division-MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Sex/Gender Differences in Risk and Resilience to PTSD; Implication of Oxytocin

Phase 2
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2013-10-16
Last Posted Date
2018-12-11
Lead Sponsor
Megan Moran-Santa Maria
Target Recruit Count
38
Registration Number
NCT01963078
Locations
🇺🇸

Clinical Neurosciences Division-Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Brain Imaging of Intranasal Oxytocin Treatment in Autism

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2013-09-19
Last Posted Date
2017-04-25
Lead Sponsor
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Target Recruit Count
33
Registration Number
NCT01945957
Locations
🇺🇸

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

The Influence of Oxytocin on the Processing of Social Contact

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2013-09-11
Last Posted Date
2013-09-11
Lead Sponsor
University Hospital, Bonn
Target Recruit Count
40
Registration Number
NCT01939639
Locations
🇩🇪

Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Study of Wellness Behaviors as a Function of Oxytocin vs Placebo

First Posted Date
2013-08-27
Last Posted Date
2016-07-18
Lead Sponsor
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Target Recruit Count
239
Registration Number
NCT01929161
Locations
🇺🇸

UNC PEP Lab, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Oxytocin Via Intramuscular Injection and Intravenous Bolus or Infusion for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2013-08-02
Last Posted Date
2016-03-11
Lead Sponsor
Gynuity Health Projects
Target Recruit Count
4983
Registration Number
NCT01914419
Locations
🇪🇬

Shatby Maternity Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

🇪🇬

El Galaa Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Intranasal Oxytocin as an Adjunct to Behavioral Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder

First Posted Date
2013-08-02
Last Posted Date
2020-01-27
Lead Sponsor
Massachusetts General Hospital
Target Recruit Count
92
Registration Number
NCT01914939
Locations
🇺🇸

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

🇺🇸

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Martinos Imaging Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

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