Carvedilol is a racemic mixture where the S(-) enantiomer is both a beta and alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker, and the R(+) enantiomer is an alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker. It is currently used to treat heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, and hypertension. The dual action of carvedilol is advantageous in combination therapies as moderate doses of 2 drugs have a decreased incidence of adverse effects compared to high dose monotherapy in the treatment of moderate hypertension.
Carvedilol was granted FDA approval on 14 September 1995.
Carvedilol is indicated to treat mild to severe heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction with ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, or hypertension.
Aga Khan University,, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Phoenix Childrens Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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