Overview
A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications.
Indication
Used to obtain miosis of the iris in seconds after delivery of the lens in cataract surgery, in penetrating keratoplasty, iridectomy and other anterior segment surgery where rapid miosis may be required.
Associated Conditions
No associated conditions information available.
Research Report
Acetylcholine (DB03128): A Comprehensive Monograph on its Physiology, Pharmacology, and Clinical Significance
Section 1: Introduction and Historical Perspective
1.1 Overview of Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) holds a unique and foundational position in the annals of neuroscience and pharmacology. As the first neurotransmitter to be chemically identified, it serves as the archetypal molecule for understanding chemical communication within the nervous system.[1] It is a primary chemical messenger, a small molecule neurotransmitter that operates ubiquitously throughout both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Its physiological roles are vast and critical, mediating an expansive array of processes that range from the direct control of voluntary muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction to the complex modulation of higher cognitive functions such as memory, learning, attention, and arousal within the brain.[3]
This monograph explores the central paradox of acetylcholine: despite its vital and widespread endogenous functions, its application as a therapeutic agent is exceptionally narrow and specialized. This limitation is a direct consequence of its pharmacokinetic profile, which is perfectly tuned for its role as a transient, local signaling molecule but renders it unsuitable for systemic administration. The very properties that make it an efficient neurotransmitter—specifically, its extremely rapid breakdown by cholinesterases—prevent it from achieving sustained, targeted effects when introduced as an exogenous drug.[1] This report will delve into the multifaceted nature of acetylcholine, examining its history, biochemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications, and role in pathology to provide a comprehensive understanding of this pivotal neurochemical.
1.2 The Discovery of Chemical Neurotransmission: A Paradigm Shift
Clinical Trials
Title | Posted | Study ID | Phase | Status | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024/07/25 | Early Phase 1 | Recruiting | |||
2024/07/15 | Early Phase 1 | Recruiting | |||
2024/06/12 | Not Applicable | Active, not recruiting | |||
2024/06/05 | N/A | Recruiting | |||
2023/09/21 | N/A | Active, not recruiting | |||
2023/07/14 | Early Phase 1 | Recruiting | Anna Stanhewicz, PhD | ||
2023/07/14 | Early Phase 1 | Recruiting | Anna Stanhewicz, PhD | ||
2022/12/16 | Early Phase 1 | Recruiting | Anna Stanhewicz, PhD | ||
2022/01/18 | Not Applicable | Recruiting | |||
2021/06/09 | Not Applicable | Completed |
FDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Manufacturer | NDC Code | Route | Strength | Effective Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No FDA approvals found for this drug. |
EMA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Authorization Holder | Status | Issued Date |
---|---|---|---|
No EMA approvals found for this drug. |
HSA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Manufacturer | Approval Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIOCHOL-E INTRAOCULAR SOLUTION | SIN09252P | INJECTION | 20 mg/2 ml | 3/18/1997 |
NMPA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Approval Number | Drug Type | Dosage Form | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No NMPA approvals found for this drug. |
PPB Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Registration No. | Company | Licence No. | Strength | Registration Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No PPB approvals found for this drug. |
TGA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | ARTG ID | Sponsor | Registration Type | Status | Registration Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIOCHOL-E acetylcholine chloride 20mg/2mL powder for solution for intraocular irrigation | 118510 | Medicine | A | 8/31/2005 |
Health Canada Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | DIN | Dosage Form | Strength | Market Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIOGAN PWS 20MG/VIAL | 00784826 | Powder For Solution - Intraocular | 20 MG / VIAL | 12/31/1990 | |
MIOCHOL E ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE OPH SOLN | iolab pharmaceuticals | 00889334 | Powder For Solution - Ophthalmic | 10 MG / ML | 12/31/1994 |
MIOCHOL-E | bausch & lomb inc | 02133326 | Powder For Solution - Ophthalmic | 20 MG / VIAL | 8/14/1996 |
CIMA AEMPS Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Registration Number | Pharmaceutical Form | Prescription Type | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No CIMA AEMPS (Spain) approvals found for this drug. |
Philippines FDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | License Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Philippines FDA approvals found for this drug. |
Saudi SFDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | License Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Saudi SFDA approvals found for this drug. |
Malaysia NPRA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Registration Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Malaysia NPRA approvals found for this drug. |
UK EMC Drug Information
Medicine Name | MA Holder | MA Number | Pharmaceutical Form | Active Ingredient | Authorization Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No UK EMC drug information found for this drug. |
Help Us Improve
Your feedback helps us provide better drug information and insights.