In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use. With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other condit...
Botulinum toxin A is indicated for a variety of conditions, depending on the preparations. Cosmetically, it is used for the treatment of facial fine lines and wrinkles, specifically for upper facial rhytides, including forehead, lateral canthus, and glabellar lines.
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Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Niagara Falls Dermantology and Skin Care Center, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
About Skin Dermatology, Englewood, Colorado, United States
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Seoul St.Mary Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Sevrance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Chung-Ang Univesity Yongsan Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Seoul National Universtiy Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Divisão de Clínica Neurológica do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Hôpital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
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