In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use. With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other condit...
Botulinum toxin A is indicated for a variety of conditions, depending on the preparations. Cosmetically, it is used for the treatment of facial fine lines and wrinkles, specifically for upper facial rhytides, including forehead, lateral canthus, and glabellar lines.
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King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Siriraj hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
University of Sao Paulo General Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Dermatology Research Institute, LLC., Coral Gables, Florida, United States
RGG, Inc, San Francisco, California, United States
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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