In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use. With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other condit...
Botulinum toxin A is indicated for a variety of conditions, depending on the preparations. Cosmetically, it is used for the treatment of facial fine lines and wrinkles, specifically for upper facial rhytides, including forehead, lateral canthus, and glabellar lines.
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National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Laserklinik Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, BW, Germany
GSK Investigational Site, Shanghai, China
Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Chaur-Jong Hu, Taipei, Taiwan
Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado, United States
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