Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Optimization of Therapy in Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Lymphoblastic Lymphoma by Individualised, Targeted and Intensified Treatment

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Interventions: Drug: Rituximab
Procedure: Cranial irradiation
Drug: Nelarabine
Drug: Idarubicin
Drug: PEG-Asparaginase
Drug: Imatinib
Drug: Fludarabine
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: Vincristine
Drug: Methotrexate
Procedure: Stem cell transplantation
Drug: Mercaptopurine
Drug: Cytarabine
Drug: VP16
Drug: Vindesine
Drug: Daunorubicin (DNR)
Drug: Adriamycin
Drug: Prednisolone

First Posted Date: 2016-08-26

Last Posted Date: 2025-01-06

Lead Sponsor: Goethe University

Target Recruit Count: 1000

Registration Number: NCT02881086

Locations: 🇩🇪
University Hospital of Frankfurt (Main), Frankfurt (Main), Germany

Blinatumomab, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, and Combination Chemotherapy as Frontline Therapy in Treating Patients With B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Phase 2

Recruiting

Conditions: B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
B Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Interventions: Biological: Blinatumomab
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: Cytarabine
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
Biological: Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Drug: Mercaptopurine
Drug: Methotrexate
Biological: Ofatumumab
Drug: Prednisone
Biological: Rituximab
Drug: Vincristine Sulfate

First Posted Date: 2016-08-24

Last Posted Date: 2024-12-10

Lead Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Target Recruit Count: 80

Registration Number: NCT02877303

Locations: 🇺🇸
M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States

Two Trabecular Micro-bypass Stents & Postoperative Travoprost to Treat Glaucoma Subjects on Two Hypotensive Agents

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Open-angle Glaucoma

Interventions: Procedure: Implantation of two iStent inject micro-bypass stents
Drug: Topical travoprost
Device: Two iStent inject micro-bypass stents
Drug: Tobramycin
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2016-08-22

Last Posted Date: 2022-09-07

Lead Sponsor: Glaukos Corporation

Target Recruit Count: 53

Registration Number: NCT02873806

Locations: 🇦🇲
S.V. Malayan's Ophtalmology Centre, Yerevan, Armenia

Study Comparing Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (D-RVd) Versus Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (RVd) in Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Lenalidomide
Drug: Bortezomib
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Daratumumab

First Posted Date: 2016-08-22

Last Posted Date: 2023-07-27

Lead Sponsor: Janssen Research & Development, LLC

Target Recruit Count: 224

Registration Number: NCT02874742

Study of a Steroid Delivery System for Pain Relief Treatment in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Osteoarthritis, Knee

Interventions: Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2016-08-19

Last Posted Date: 2018-10-01

Lead Sponsor: Mark Figgie

Target Recruit Count: 6

Registration Number: NCT02873273

Locations: 🇺🇸
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States

Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block Using Ropivacaine With/Without Dexamethasone in Elective Thoracotomy

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Surgery

Interventions: Drug: Ropivacaine
Other: saline
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2016-08-18

Last Posted Date: 2017-02-09

Lead Sponsor: The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University

Target Recruit Count: 68

Registration Number: NCT02871193

Locations: 🇨🇳
The first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

IV Dexamethasone for Prolongation of Peripheral Nerve Block

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Anesthesia, Conduction

Interventions: Drug: IV dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2016-08-12

Last Posted Date: 2019-03-04

Lead Sponsor: University Health Network, Toronto

Target Recruit Count: 18

Registration Number: NCT02864602

Locations: 🇨🇦
Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Oral ONC201 in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase 1

Terminated

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: ONC201
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2016-08-11

Last Posted Date: 2024-07-03

Lead Sponsor: Chimerix

Target Recruit Count: 17

Registration Number: NCT02863991

Locations: 🇺🇸
The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
🇺🇸
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States