Predicted Long Term Renal Outcome After Medical or Postcardiotomy Refractory Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy Concomitant With Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Cardiogenic shock, defined as cardiac pump failure, is caused by many etiologies such as myocardial infarction, infectious diseases or post-cardiotomy. Mortality remains high and may reach 80% depending on etiologies and series ( 60% 30 days - mortality after post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock). Extra Corporeal Life Support (ECLS) became a corner stone of refractory cardiogenic shock.

This low cardiac output syndrome leeds to associated organs failure whose renal function is the first being impaired. Severity partly depends on hemodynamic instability duration and intensity. Sixty percent of patients under ECLS develop acute kidney injury (AKI) and two third of them will need renal replacement therapy (RRT), representing 40 percent of the ECLS population. In addition, RRT introduction is associated with higher mortality.

In the surviving patients, there is a growing interest on long term renal outcomes. Few retrospective studies already indicate a higher 1- and 2-years incidence of major adverse kidney events (MAKE: overall mortality or dialysis dependance or doubling serum creatinine) in case of association of RRT and ECLS. Also, 90 days renal recovery status may be correlated with 2.9 higher risk of MAKE at 3 years.

Nowadays, preventing those long term renal adverse events should be considered as a priority during intensive care unit stay. Optimizing renal recovery appears to be the leading strategy in clinical practice.

There is a lack of standardization in defining renal recovery leading to incomparability of studies. To investigators knowledge, there is no validated definition of renal recovery in patients undergoing combined veno-arterial mode of extracorporeal oxygenation membrane (VA mode of ECMO) and renal replacement therapy.