Oral, gastric and cognitive contributions to satiatio

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Withdrawn

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

* Male
* Between 18-35 years old at the day of inclusion
* Able to understand and speak Dutch or English fluently or without difficulty
* BMI 18.5-26 kg/m2
* Good general health and appetite (F1 questionnaire and judge by the subject)
* Eating three meals a day, every day around the same times. (Self-report see F1 questionnaire).

Exclusion Criteria

* Difficulties with swallowing, chewing and or eating
* Suffering from an endocrine or eating disorder, gastrointestinal illness or illness of the thyroid gland, respiratory disease or diabetes.
* Having taste or smell disorders (self-report)
* Braces (not including a dental wire) or oral piercing
* Smoking
* Consuming on average more than 28 glasses of alcohol per week
* Use of medication that may influence study outcomes ( see, F1 questionnaire)
* Allergies or intolerance to any ingredient of the test food.
* Not willing to eat the test food because of eating habits or believes.
* Followed an energy restricted diet during the last 2 months
* Gained or lost 5 kg of body weight over the last half year
* High restrained eater according to the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (men: score>2.9).
* Signed up for participating in another research study (with the exception of the EetMeetWeet study).
* Employee of Human Nutrition (WUR)
* Thesis student or intern at the chair group of Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour Human Nutrition (WUR).
* Intensive exercising 5 days per week for at least one hour or more, or more than 8 hrs per week in total.
* Low score (< -1) for liking on a nine point likert scale of the test food;Exclusion after screening:
* Hb value is not between 8.1-11.0 mmol/L
* Veins not suitable for placement of the intravenous cannula (judged by the research nurse)
* Fasted glucose level is below <3.5 mmol/l
* Blood pressure is below 90/60 mm hg (below 90 and/or below 60 mm hg) and/ or if the participant has a history of low blood pressure.;Exclusion after training:
* Participant is not comfortable with insertion of a cannula; this can either be determined by the participant or the researcher/nurse.

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The main study outcome is intake in kcal of the ad libitum load in all 4<br /><br>conditions.</p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The Secundairy outcome measures of this study are:<br /><br>Insulin, ghrelin, PP, CCK-8, PYY and GLP-1 responses over time.<br /><br>Cognitive outcome measures: Mouth feel, expected satiety, hedonic evaluation<br /><br>and appetite feelings.</p><br>