Stem Cell Transplantation Compared With Standard Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Remission
- Conditions
- Leukemia
- Interventions
- Biological: sargramostimProcedure: allogeneic bone marrow transplantationRadiation: radiation therapyProcedure: autologous bone marrow transplantationProcedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
- Registration Number
- NCT00002514
- Lead Sponsor
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
- Brief Summary
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known whether stem cell transplantation is more effective than standard chemotherapy in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying how well stem cell transplantation works compared to standard combination chemotherapy in treating patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission.
- Detailed Description
OBJECTIVES:
* Compare the duration of complete remission (CR) and survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission treated with allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) vs conventional consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy.
* Compare the overall treatment outcomes in patients treated with these regimens.
* Determine the effect of imatinib mesylate given after induction therapy in Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive patients in CR.
* Determine the benefit of allogeneic or autologous SCT after imatinib mesylate in Ph chromosome-positive patients.
* Determine the benefit of additional imatinib mesylate administered after allogeneic or autologous SCT in Ph chromosome-positive patients.
* Determine the minimal residual disease in Ph chromosome-positive patients before and after treatment with imatinib mesylate.
* Determine the clinical resistance to imatinib mesylate caused by BCR-ABL gene amplification or mutation in Ph chromosome-positive patients.
OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to age (50 and under vs over 50), time to achieve complete remission (CR) (4 weeks or less vs more than 4 weeks), and Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome status (positive vs negative).
* First induction therapy: Patients receive daunorubicin (DNR) IV over 15-30 minutes and vincristine (VCR) IV over 3-5 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; oral prednisone (PRED) once daily on days 1-28; and asparaginase (ASP) IV over 30 minutes or intramuscularly on days 17-28. Patients with CNS leukemia at presentation also receive methotrexate (MTX) intrathecally (IT) via an Ommaya reservoir weekly until the CSF is clear. Patients without CNS leukemia at presentation receive MTX IT on day 23 only.
* Second induction therapy: Beginning immediately after first induction therapy, patients receive cyclophosphamide (CTX) IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29; cytarabine (ARA-C) IV over 30 minutes on days 1-4, 8-11, 15-18, and 22-25; and oral mercaptopurine (MP) once daily on days 1-28. Patients with CNS leukemia at presentation also undergo concurrent craniospinal irradiation. Patients without CNS leukemia at presentation receive MTX IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Patients with Ph chromosome-positive status receive oral imatinib mesylate once daily for at least 28 days (days 1-28).
Patients with Ph chromosome-positive status and CR after second induction therapy proceed to group I for autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Patients with Ph chromosome-negative status and CR after second induction therapy proceed to group II.
* Group I (Ph chromosome-positive patients):
* Autologous SCT: Patients receive high-dose consolidation/mobilization chemotherapy comprising ARA-C IV over 3 hours on days 1-3 and mitoxantrone IV immediately after ARA-C administration on days 1 and 2. Patients also receive filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously (SC) once daily beginning on day 5 and continuing until blood counts recover.
Patients then undergo peripheral blood stem cell collection or bone marrow harvesting.
Patients receive preparative therapy comprising total body irradiation twice daily (5-10 hours apart) on days -6 to -4 and high-dose etoposide (VP-16) IV over 4 hours on day -3. Male patients also undergo radiotherapy boost to the testes on day -6.
Patients undergo autologous SCT on day 0 and receive sargramostim (GM-CSF) SC once daily beginning 6 hours after the completion of SCT and continuing until blood counts recover.
* Allogeneic SCT: Patients receive the preparative regimen as in autologous SCT and then undergo allogeneic SCT on day 0. Patients receive GM-CSF as in autologous SCT.
* Post-SCT imatinib mesylate therapy: After recovery from autologous or allogeneic SCT, patients receive oral imatinib mesylate once daily. Imatinib mesylate therapy continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
* Group II (Ph chromosome-negative patients):
* Intensification therapy: Beginning 4 weeks after the completion of the second induction therapy, patients receive high-dose MTX IV over 2 hours on days 1, 8, and 22; leucovorin calcium IV every 6 hours for 4 doses and then orally every 6 hours for 12 doses beginning 22-24 hours after each MTX infusion; and ASP IV over 30 minutes on days 2, 9, and 23.
Patients who are ≤ 50 years of age with a histocompatible donor proceed to allogeneic SCT and undergo allogeneic SCT as in group I. Patients who are ≤ 50 years of age without an appropriate donor are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.
* Arm I (conventional consolidation/maintenance therapy):
* Conventional consolidation therapy: During course 1, patients receive ARA-C IV over 30 minutes and VP-16 IV over 1 hour on days 1-5; VCR IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; and oral dexamethasone on days 1-28. During course 2 (which begins 4 weeks after initiation of course 1 or when blood counts recover), patients receive ARA-C and VP-16 as in course 1. During course 3 (which begins 4 weeks after initiation of course 2 or when blood counts recover), patients receive DNR IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; CTX IV over 30 minutes on day 29; ARA-C IV over 30 minutes on days 31-34 and 38-41; and oral thioguanine on days 29-42. During course 4 (which begins 8 weeks after initiation of course 3 or when blood counts recover), patients receive treatment as in course 2.
* Maintenance therapy: Beginning 4 weeks after initiation of course 4 of consolidation therapy or when blood counts recover, patients receive oral MP daily; MTX orally or IV once weekly; VCR IV once every 12 weeks; and oral PRED for 5 days every 12 weeks. Maintenance therapy continues for 2.5 years after initiation of intensification therapy.
* Arm II (autologous SCT): Patients undergo autologous SCT as in group I with the exception of high-dose consolidation/mobilization chemotherapy.
Patients are followed every 6 months for 2 years.
PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 40 patients per year will be accrued for group I (Philadelphia \[Ph\] chromosome-positive patients) of this study. Approximately 550 patients will be accrued for group II (Ph chromosome-negative patients) of this study within 5 years.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 1929
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Transplant imatinib mesylate Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant vincristine sulfate Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance cyclophosphamide Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance dexamethasone Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance mercaptopurine Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance methotrexate Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Transplant prednisone Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant cytarabine Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant daunorubicin hydrochloride Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant methotrexate Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant sargramostim Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant etoposide Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance daunorubicin hydrochloride Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Transplant asparaginase Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance leucovorin calcium Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Transplant leucovorin calcium Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance vincristine sulfate Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance radiation therapy Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Transplant autologous bone marrow transplantation Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Transplant cyclophosphamide Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance prednisone Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Transplant mercaptopurine Allogeneic (if donor) or Autologous (if no donor) bone marrow transplant Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance asparaginase Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance cytarabine Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance etoposide Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy Conventional Consolidation/Maintenance thioguanine Consolidation/Maintenance Therapy
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Overall Survival All patients were followed for 2 years
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Related Research Topics
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Trial Locations
- Locations (94)
Aurora Presbyterian Hospital
🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States
Boulder Community Hospital
🇺🇸Boulder, Colorado, United States
Penrose Cancer Center at Penrose Hospital
🇺🇸Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
Porter Adventist Hospital
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
Presbyterian - St. Luke's Medical Center
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
St. Joseph Hospital
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
Rose Medical Center
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
CCOP - Colorado Cancer Research Program
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
Swedish Medical Center
🇺🇸Englewood, Colorado, United States
St. Mary's Regional Cancer Center at St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center
🇺🇸Grand Junction, Colorado, United States
Scroll for more (84 remaining)Aurora Presbyterian Hospital🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States