Phenytoin
- Generic Name
- Phenytoin
- Brand Names
- Dilantin, Phenytek
- Drug Type
- Small Molecule
- Chemical Formula
- C15H12N2O2
- CAS Number
- 57-41-0
- Unique Ingredient Identifier
- 6158TKW0C5
- Background
Phenytoin is classified as a hydantoin derivative and despite its narrow therapeutic index, it is one of the most commonly used anticonvulsants. Since it's introduction about 80 years ago, phenytoin has not only been established as an effective anti-epileptic, but has also been investigated for several other indications such as bipolar disorder, retina protection, and wound healing.
Clinicians are advised to initiate therapeutic drug monitoring in patients who require phenytoin since even small deviations from the recommended therapeutic range can lead to suboptimal treatment, or adverse effects. Both parenteral and oral formulations of phenytoin are available on the market.
- Indication
Phenytoin is indicated to treat grand mal seizures, complex partial seizures, and to prevent and treat seizures during or following neurosurgery. Injectable phenytoin and Fosphenytoin, which is the phosphate ester prodrug formulation of phenytoin, are indicated to treat tonic-clonic status epilepticus, and for the prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during neurosurgery.
- Associated Conditions
- Complex Partial Seizure Disorder, Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Grand Mal Status Epilepticus, Jacksonian epilepsy, Partial-Onset Seizures, Petit Mal Epilepsy, Seizure Disorder, Post Traumatic, Seizures, Status; Epilepticus, Tonic-clonic, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), Convulsive disorders
IV Keppra in the Emergency Department for Prevention of Early Recurrent Seizures
- Conditions
- Tonic-clonic Seizure
- Interventions
- First Posted Date
- 2007-08-02
- Last Posted Date
- 2013-12-12
- Lead Sponsor
- Emory University
- Target Recruit Count
- 158
- Registration Number
- NCT00510783
- Locations
- 🇺🇸
Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Study of Efficacy of Phenytoin in Therapy of Children With Bronchial Asthma
- Conditions
- Bronchial Asthma
- First Posted Date
- 2006-08-18
- Last Posted Date
- 2009-02-19
- Lead Sponsor
- Centre of Chinese Medicine, Georgia
- Target Recruit Count
- 50
- Registration Number
- NCT00366067
- Locations
- 🇬🇪
"Rea" Rehabilitation Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
Pilot Trial of Neural Correlates of Response to Treatment of PTSD-Associated Impulsive Aggression
- Conditions
- Impulsive AggressionPosttraumatic Stress Disorder
- First Posted Date
- 2006-06-06
- Last Posted Date
- 2006-06-06
- Lead Sponsor
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center
- Target Recruit Count
- 12
- Registration Number
- NCT00333931
- Locations
- 🇺🇸
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States
Busulfan, Fludarabine, and Total-Body Irradiation in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing a Donor Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Cancer
- Conditions
- Chronic Myeloproliferative DisordersLeukemiaLymphomaMultiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell NeoplasmMyelodysplastic SyndromesPrecancerous ConditionMyelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Interventions
- Biological: therapeutic allogeneic lymphocytesProcedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantationRadiation: Total Body Irradiation (TBI)Drug: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
- First Posted Date
- 2005-10-27
- Last Posted Date
- 2017-09-27
- Lead Sponsor
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute
- Target Recruit Count
- 147
- Registration Number
- NCT00245037
- Locations
- 🇺🇸
Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
Prediction of Drug Interactions With CYP2C9 Substrates
- Conditions
- Healthy Volunteers
- First Posted Date
- 2005-09-27
- Last Posted Date
- 2008-10-29
- Lead Sponsor
- Hadassah Medical Organization
- Target Recruit Count
- 16
- Registration Number
- NCT00226538
- Locations
- 🇮🇱
Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
Dilantin Levels With Continuous Delivery of Enteral Feedings - A Pilot Study
- Conditions
- Seizures
- First Posted Date
- 2005-09-22
- Last Posted Date
- 2017-11-24
- Lead Sponsor
- Penn State University
- Target Recruit Count
- 3
- Registration Number
- NCT00219479
A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Topiramate and Phenytoin in Patients With New Onset Epilepsy Requiring Rapid Initiation of Antiepileptic Drug Treatment
- Conditions
- Epilepsy
- First Posted Date
- 2005-09-21
- Last Posted Date
- 2011-06-10
- Target Recruit Count
- 262
- Registration Number
- NCT00210782
Determinants of Warfarin Metabolism
- First Posted Date
- 2005-09-13
- Last Posted Date
- 2018-06-12
- Lead Sponsor
- Hadassah Medical Organization
- Target Recruit Count
- 600
- Registration Number
- NCT00162474
- Locations
- 🇮🇱
Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
Evaluation of CYP2C9 Activity
- First Posted Date
- 2005-09-13
- Last Posted Date
- 2018-06-12
- Lead Sponsor
- Hadassah Medical Organization
- Target Recruit Count
- 1200
- Registration Number
- NCT00162461
- Locations
- 🇮🇱
Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
Phenytoin as an Augmentation for SSRI Failures
- Conditions
- Depression
- First Posted Date
- 2005-09-07
- Last Posted Date
- 2009-11-25
- Lead Sponsor
- Beersheva Mental Health Center
- Target Recruit Count
- 40
- Registration Number
- NCT00146237
- Locations
- 🇮🇱
Sarah Herzog Memorial Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
🇮🇱Beersheva Mental Health Center, Beersheva, Israel
Drug Development Updates
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