Targeted therapies for NSCLC have revolutionized treatment for patients with specific genetic alterations, with EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 inhibitors showing significant improvements in progression-free survival compared to traditional chemotherapy.
Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, has become a cornerstone in NSCLC treatment, with newer targets like LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT showing promise in ongoing clinical trials.
Advanced cellular therapies including adoptive cell transfer, CAR-T cells, and cancer vaccines represent the next frontier in NSCLC treatment, particularly for patients with "cold tumors" who don't respond to standard immunotherapies.
