eural correlates of odor liking in food and e-cigarette context

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Pending

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 50

Inclusion Criteria

Light cigarette smoker or non-smoker
-Susceptible to e-cigarette use
-Normal olfactory function according to the Sniffin’ Sticks identification test
-Good proficiency of the Dutch language
-Right-handed
-Aged 18-55 years at the time of inclusion
-Normal BMI (between 18.5-25 kg/m2)
-Healthy as defined by the screening questionnaire
-Willing to comply with the study procedures
-Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving of reporting this to their general physician
-Willing to refrain from using drugs other than tobacco and alcohol for one week before the test session

Exclusion Criteria

-Dislike the odors under investigation
-Allergic or hyper sensitive reaction to yoghurt
-The use of prescribed or non-prescribed medication in the month prior to the test session, other than occasional use of pain medication (such as paracetamol and NSAID’s) or oral contraceptives
-Have a history of drug or alcohol dependence
-Have a psychiatric, neurological, or eating disorder or chronic medical condition
-Be employed by the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University or doing an MSc internship/writing a thesis at the Sensory Science and Eating Behavior chair group within the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University
-Participation in another medical-scientific study (except for EetMeetWeet)
-Claustrophobic (self-report)
-Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning (including, but not limited to): pacemakers and defibrillators, epilepsy or family history of epilepsy, intraorbital or intraocular metallic fragments, ferromagnetic implants, presence of non-removable piercings.
-Limited sight that is not corrected with contact lenses or cannot be corrected with our MRI safe glasses (maximum strength is +6 and -6)
-For women: lactating, being pregnant, or using a IUD as anti-conceptive (with exception of the Mirena IUD, which is MRI safe).

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The brain response to odors in reward-related brain areas, measured with fMRI

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Behavioral measures of odor perception (liking, intensity of sweetness, intensity of savoriness, willingness to try), reward sensitivity, impulsivity, psychological impact of living in food-abundant environments, and smoking/vaping characteristics