Chloroquine

Generic Name: Chloroquine

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₁₈H_₂₆ClN_₃

CAS Number: 54-05-7

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 886U3H6UFF

Background: Chloroquine is an aminoquinolone derivative first developed in the 1940s for the treatment of malaria. It was the drug of choice to treat malaria until the development of newer antimalarials such as pyrimethamine, artemisinin, and mefloquine. Chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine have since been repurposed for the treatment of a number of other conditions including HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

The FDA emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.

Chloroquine was granted FDA Approval on 31 October 1949.

Indication: Chloroquine is indicated to treat infections of P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum. It is also used to treat extraintestinal amebiasis.

Chloroquine is also used off label for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, as well as treatment and prophylaxis of Zika virus. Chloroquine is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19.

Associated Conditions: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Extraintestinal Amebiasis, Malaria, Polymorphic Light Eruption (PLE), Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Acute, uncomplicated Malaria

Clinical Trials

Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge With Pyrimethamine Chemoprophylaxis (PfSPZ-CVac Approach): Phase 1 Trial to Determine Safety and Protective Efficacy of Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge With Concurrent Pyrimethamine Treatment That Inhibits Development of Asexual B...

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Malaria

Interventions: Drug: Chloroquine (CQ)
Drug: Pyrimethamine (PYR)
Biological: Sanaria PfSPZ Challenge (NF54)

First Posted Date: 2015-07-29

Last Posted Date: 2017-07-02

Lead Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Target Recruit Count: 57

Registration Number: NCT02511054

Locations: 🇺🇸
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Possible Role of Chloroquine to Induce a Complete Remission in the Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis: a Randomized Trial

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Autoimmune Hepatitis

Interventions: Drug: Chloroquine diphosphate
Drug: prednisone
Drug: azathioprine

First Posted Date: 2015-06-04

Last Posted Date: 2017-02-15

Lead Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

Target Recruit Count: 57

Registration Number: NCT02463331

The Addition of Chloroquine to Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma,

Phase 2

Withdrawn

Conditions: Astrocytoma, Grade IV
Glioblastoma

Interventions: Drug: Chloroquine

First Posted Date: 2015-05-04

Last Posted Date: 2023-11-18

Lead Sponsor: Maastricht Radiation Oncology

Registration Number: NCT02432417

Effectiveness of Malaria Treatment in Mexico

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Malaria

Interventions: Drug: Chloroquine phosphate
Drug: primaquine

First Posted Date: 2015-03-20

Last Posted Date: 2015-03-20

Lead Sponsor: LILIA GONZALEZ CERON

Target Recruit Count: 153

Registration Number: NCT02394197

A Study to Assess Safety of Current Standard Malaria Treatment and an Assessment of G6PD Status in South-east Bangladesh

Phase 4

Completed

Conditions: Malaria

Interventions: Drug: Artemether-lumefantrine combination
Drug: chloroquine
Drug: Primaquine

First Posted Date: 2015-03-17

Last Posted Date: 2024-03-13

Lead Sponsor: Menzies School of Health Research

Target Recruit Count: 181

Registration Number: NCT02389374

The Addition of Chloroquine to Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Glioblastoma Multiforme

Interventions: Drug: Chloroquine
Radiation: Radiotherapy
Drug: Temozolomide

First Posted Date: 2015-03-04

Last Posted Date: 2020-01-23

Lead Sponsor: Maastricht Radiation Oncology

Target Recruit Count: 13

Registration Number: NCT02378532

Locations: 🇳🇱
Maastricht Radiation Oncology, Maastricht, Netherlands

Artemether-lumefantrine vs Chloroquine for Uncomplicated P. Vivax Malaria in Malaysia

Phase 3

Conditions: Plasmodium Vivax Malaria Without Complication

Interventions: Drug: Artemether-lumefantrine + Primaquine
Drug: Chloroquine + Primaquine

First Posted Date: 2015-01-28

Last Posted Date: 2017-02-01

Lead Sponsor: Menzies School of Health Research

Target Recruit Count: 98

Registration Number: NCT02348788

Locations: 🇲🇾
Pitas District Hospital, Pitas, Sabah, Malaysia
🇲🇾
Kudat District Hospital, Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia
🇲🇾
Kota Marudu District Hospital, Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia