Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Validation of a Lung Inflammation Model in Healthy Volunteers by Radiological Tools and Glucocorticoid Treatment

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Experimental Lung Inflammation

Interventions: Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Sterile isotonic saline

First Posted Date: 2012-10-26

Last Posted Date: 2013-04-24

Lead Sponsor: Medical University of Vienna

Target Recruit Count: 36

Registration Number: NCT01714427

Locations: 🇦🇹
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Evaluation of Safety of Pomalidomide in Combination With Dexamethasone (Low Dose) in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Pomalidomide
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2012-10-24

Last Posted Date: 2022-01-10

Lead Sponsor: Celgene

Target Recruit Count: 682

Registration Number: NCT01712789

Locations: 🇦🇹
Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
🇦🇹
Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
🇦🇹
Wilhelminenspital Vienna, Vienna, Austria

and more 109 locations

Dinaciclib, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Bortezomib
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Dinaciclib
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

First Posted Date: 2012-10-22

Last Posted Date: 2018-05-11

Lead Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Target Recruit Count: 41

Registration Number: NCT01711528

Locations: 🇺🇸
Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
🇺🇸
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
🇺🇸
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States

and more 3 locations

Bortezomib Based Consolidation in Multiple Myeloma Patients Completing Stem Cell Transplant

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Stage I Multiple Myeloma
Stage II Multiple Myeloma
Stage III Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: bortezomib
Drug: lenalidomide
Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Procedure: quality-of-life assessment
Drug: dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2012-10-15

Last Posted Date: 2018-09-17

Lead Sponsor: Mayo Clinic

Target Recruit Count: 3

Registration Number: NCT01706666

Locations: 🇺🇸
Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
🇺🇸
Baylor Medical Center, Garland, Texas, United States
🇺🇸
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

and more 1 locations

Therapy for Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Recurrent B-Cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Recurrent Childhood B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: vincristine sulfate
Biological: rituximab
Drug: clofarabine
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: etoposide
Biological: aldesleukin
Drug: pegaspargase
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: mercaptopurine
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: mitoxantrone
Drug: teniposide
Drug: vinblastine
Biological: natural killer cell infusion
Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Procedure: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Drug: therapeutic hydrocortisone
Device: CliniMACS

First Posted Date: 2012-10-04

Last Posted Date: 2022-09-28

Lead Sponsor: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Target Recruit Count: 80

Registration Number: NCT01700946

Locations: 🇺🇸
Rady Children's Hospital and Health Center, San Diego, California, United States
🇺🇸
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
🇺🇸
Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States

Clinical Trial With Clobetasol and Dexamethasone for Topical Treatment of Oral Lesions of Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Graft vs Host Disease
Oral Manifestations

Interventions: Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Clobetasol

First Posted Date: 2012-10-03

Last Posted Date: 2012-10-03

Lead Sponsor: Grupo de Estudos Multicentricos em Onco-Hematologia

Target Recruit Count: 28

Registration Number: NCT01699412

Locations: 🇧🇷
Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
🇧🇷
Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A Phase 2 Study of Lenalidomide to Evaluate the Efficacy in Japanese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Lenalidomide
Drug: dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2012-10-03

Last Posted Date: 2018-11-08

Lead Sponsor: Celgene

Target Recruit Count: 26

Registration Number: NCT01698801

Locations: 🇯🇵
Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
🇯🇵
Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
🇯🇵
National Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

and more 21 locations

Phase 2 Trial of AEZS-108 in Chemotherapy Refractory in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Breast Cancer

Interventions: Drug: AEZS-108
Drug: SCCC
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2012-10-02

Last Posted Date: 2018-02-22

Lead Sponsor: AEterna Zentaris

Target Recruit Count: 7

Registration Number: NCT01698281

Locations: 🇺🇸
University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
🇩🇪
Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Göttingen, Germany
🇩🇪
Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Regensburg, Germany