MedPath

Dexamethasone

Generic Name
Dexamethasone
Brand Names
Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
C22H29FO5
CAS Number
50-02-2
Unique Ingredient Identifier
7S5I7G3JQL
Background

Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication

Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions
Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes
Associated Therapies
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Phase II Randomised Trial of Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone in Combination With Ixazomib in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Phase 2
Conditions
Multiple Myeloma
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-06-03
Last Posted Date
2020-01-23
Lead Sponsor
University of Leeds
Target Recruit Count
112
Registration Number
NCT02461888
Locations
🇬🇧

Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom

🇬🇧

University Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom

🇬🇧

Royal Bournemouth General Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom

and more 15 locations

Perineural Steroids for Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Interventions
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Bupivacaine
Drug: Epinephrine
Procedure: Saphenous Peripheral Nerve Block
First Posted Date
2015-06-03
Last Posted Date
2018-09-24
Lead Sponsor
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Target Recruit Count
85
Registration Number
NCT02462148
Locations
🇺🇸

Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Trial- Dysphagia From ETT or GI Endoscopy

Not Applicable
Withdrawn
Conditions
Respiratory Complications
Dysphagia
Interventions
Device: endotracheal tube
Drug: propofol
Drug: Fentanyl
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Ondansetron
Drug: sevoflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen
First Posted Date
2015-06-02
Last Posted Date
2020-03-09
Lead Sponsor
Baylor College of Medicine
Registration Number
NCT02460055

Effect of Dexamethasone on Sleep Related Breathing Disturbances in Patients With COPD at Altitude

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Interventions
Drug: Placebo
Drug: Dexamethasone
First Posted Date
2015-05-21
Last Posted Date
2015-12-21
Lead Sponsor
University of Zurich
Target Recruit Count
124
Registration Number
NCT02450994
Locations
🇰🇬

National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Altitude Related Illness In Patients With Respiratory Disease

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Interventions
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Placebo
First Posted Date
2015-05-21
Last Posted Date
2017-05-17
Lead Sponsor
University of Zurich
Target Recruit Count
124
Registration Number
NCT02450968
Locations
🇰🇬

National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

OTX-14-007: A Phase 3 Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of OTX-DP for the Treatment of Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis
Interventions
Drug: Dexamethasone
Other: Placebo Vehicle
First Posted Date
2015-05-15
Last Posted Date
2018-03-29
Lead Sponsor
Ocular Therapeutix, Inc.
Target Recruit Count
73
Registration Number
NCT02445326

Safety and Efficacy of Aprepitant for CINV in Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Multiple-day Cisplatin Chemotherapy

Phase 2
Conditions
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Lung Cancer
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-05-15
Last Posted Date
2015-12-09
Lead Sponsor
Zhejiang University
Target Recruit Count
80
Registration Number
NCT02445872
Locations
🇨🇳

The first affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Phase II Study of Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide, Subcutaneous Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2
Active, not recruiting
Conditions
Multiple Myeloma
Interventions
Drug: Bortezomib
Drug: Lenalidomide
Drug: Dexamethasone
Procedure: Stem Cell Mobilization
Procedure: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
First Posted Date
2015-05-12
Last Posted Date
2024-10-04
Lead Sponsor
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Target Recruit Count
46
Registration Number
NCT02441686
Locations
🇺🇸

Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

🇺🇸

Virginia Piper Cancer Institute, Coon Rapids, Minnesota, United States

🇺🇸

Massachusetts General Hosptial, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

and more 5 locations

Combination of Cabazitaxel With Prednisolone With Primary Prophylaxis With PEG-G-CSF in Treatment of Patients With Prostate Cancer

First Posted Date
2015-05-12
Last Posted Date
2017-01-24
Lead Sponsor
Sanofi
Target Recruit Count
21
Registration Number
NCT02441894
Locations
🇯🇵

Investigational Site Number 392008, Kita-gun, Japan

🇯🇵

Investigational Site Number 392001, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

🇯🇵

Investigational Site Number 392004, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan

and more 5 locations

Novel Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma

First Posted Date
2015-05-07
Last Posted Date
2024-06-12
Lead Sponsor
Canadian Cancer Trials Group
Target Recruit Count
320
Registration Number
NCT02436707
Locations
🇨🇦

BCCA - Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

🇨🇦

Allan Blair Cancer Centre, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

🇨🇦

Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

and more 11 locations
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