Morphine, the main alkaloid of opium, was first obtained from poppy seeds in 1805. It is a potent analgesic, though its use is limited due to tolerance, withdrawal, and the risk of abuse. Morphine is still routinely used today, though there are a number of semi-synthetic opioids of varying strength such as codeine, fentanyl, methadone, hydrocodone, hydromorp...
Morphine is used for the management of chronic, moderate to severe pain.
Opiods, including morphine, are effective for the short term management of pain. Patients taking opioids long term may need to be monitored for the development of physical dependence, addiction disorder, and drug abuse.
Site 44, Moscow, Russian Federation
Site 52, Bratislava, Slovakia
Site 62, Kosice, Slovakia
Sina General Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Johns Hopkins University (BPRU) Bayview Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Site 51, Kaunas, Lithuania
Site 62, Poznań, Poland
Site 64, Wrocław, Poland
Hadassah En Kerem Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Jerusalem, Israel
Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
Asker and Baerum Hospital, Rud, Norway
Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
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