Hydromorphone is a pure opioid, a semi-synthetic hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that has been available clinically since 1920. Structurally, hydromorphone derived from morphine in the modification of the hydroxyl group in the carbon 6 to a carbonyl and the absence of a double bond between the carbon 7 and 8. Due to these modifications, it present...
Hydromorphone is indicated for the management of moderate to severe acute pain and severe chronic pain. Due to its addictive potential and overdose risk, hydromorphone is only prescribed when other first-line treatments have failed.
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Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States
Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
Samsung medical center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, United States
Montefiore Medical Center--Einstein, Bronx, New York, United States
Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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